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ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I GEORGE XV. SCOLLAY, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 446,018, dated February10, 1891.

Application filed February 1, 1890. Serial No. 338,931. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE \V. SCOLLAY, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Making Paint from the Residuum or Impuri= tiesof Vegetable Oils Removed During the Process of Refining them, of whichthe following is a specification.

In certain Letters Patent heretofore gran ted to me, Nos. 377,406,378,113, and 378,114, I have described different processes by means ofwhich paint or paint stock is produced or obtained during the process ofrefining vegetable oils.

In a patent granted to me, No. 396,432, I have described a novel processof treating ordinary soap stock obtained in the process of refiningvegetable oils with suitable substances to convert said soap stock intoa paint or paint stock.

In each of the patents above referred to it will be seen that theproduct obtained is a paint or paint stock made of the residuum orimpurities of vegetable oils removed during the process of refiningthem.

My present invention relates to the same general subject-matter; and itconsists, among other things, of taking paint or paint stock made fromthe impurities of vegetable oil by either process described in my saidpatent or by any other suitable process and combining with it at anysuitable stage in the process an acid uncombined or in the form of asalt in any suitable form or combination which will combine with thebase of said paint, thereby forming a superior paint in colors ofgreater variety and brilliancy.

The practice of my invention by either process hereinafter describedproduces not only a superior paint which may be used alone or incombination with other suitable pigments and oils, but also confers uponthe oil superior drying qualities.

I will now describe in such full, clear, and exact terms as will enableany one skilled in the art to which my invention appertains, or withwhich it is most nearly connected, to employ several different processesin which my present invention is present; but it will be under stoodthat my invention is not limited to the exact processes described, butmay be practiced with various modifications, involving, among otherthings, the use of chemical equivalents ,and different proportionswithout departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of theclaims concluding this spcification. The following description willtherefore be understood to be merely a statement of the methods which Inow prefer to employ in the practice of my invention when making yellow,blue, and green paint, while the specific improvements which I desire tosecure by these Letters Patent will be pointed out in the claimsconcluding this specification. Take, for example, the ordinary soapstock made during the process of refining vegetable oils and separatedfrom the refined oilin any suitable way. In many instances this isdiscolored by exposure to the air, and I prefer in such cases to removethe dark color by exposing such soap stock to the action of sulphurousacid, either in solution with water or as a dry gas. I

To make yellow paint of the soap stock above described after removingthe dark color, I may proceed as follows: Add a sufficient quantity ofacetate of lead or other suitable salts of lead to completely decomposethe soluble soap and make it an insoluble soap or plaster, which ispaint or paint stock. The

acetate of soda which is formed at the same time is soluble. I may thenadd to this paint or paint stock an equivalent of bichromate ofpotassium or sodium or chromic acid to form chroma-to of lead. Itbiohromate of potassium or sodium be used, potash or soda soaps will beformed during the operation. In either case the acid combines with themetallic base of the paint stock and forms chromate of lead, which is abrilliant yellow color, mixed with oil. During the above operation theoil is made an excellent drying-oil. The potash or soda soap resultingfrom the reaction of bichromate of potassium or sodium on the lead paintstock may be decomposed by the addition of more soluble salts of lead,it necessary. The compound is then washed and dried and is ready foruse. By washing the solubles acetate of soda and potash, for exampleareremoved from the mixture, and chromatc of lead and oil with paint stock,which are insoluble, are left.

To produce blue paint of the soap stock above described, I may proceedas follows: After the soap stock has been, if desired, treated withsulphurous acid, add a solution of sulphate of iron or chloride of ironin sufficient quantities to decompose the soluble soap stock and form apaint or paint stock. Then add potassium or sodium ferro-cyanide sayfrom one-half ounce to one ounce. Then wash and dry and abrilliant bluecolor mixed with oil is the result.

To produce green paint of the soap stock described, I may proceed asfollows: Take, for example, one pound of soap stock, one and one-halfpound of water, and add one ounce of arsenious acid and boil one hour.Then add sulphate of copper until the soap stock is completelydecomposed, forming in the presence of arsenious acid arsenite ofcopper, which is a vivid green color. Then wash and dry.

' In making the above paints a moderate heat, ranging from to 212Fahrenheit, very greatly hastens and improves the operation.

The paints may be washed with water and dried at a moderate heat.

It is not at all essential that the use of the steps above describedshould be maintained in the order describedas, for instance, in makingblue paint as above described the ferro-cyanide of potassium or sodiummay be dissolved in the soap stock and the solution of iron added last,and in making green paint the copper soap may be made first and thesolution of arsenious acid added last.

In making soap stock into paint stock a metallic salt in suitable formto unite with the oily residuum and make paint stock should be used.Chlorides, acetates, sulphates, &c., of the metals, or, in other words,metallic salts, both oxygen and haloid, operate, of course, insubstantially the same way to produce the desired result, and aretherefore equivalents. Any other forms of the metals operating insubstantially the same way will be equivalent for those specified. Inthis treatment of soap stock, soda or potash, which is soluble, isformed, which may be immediately washed out; but I prefer to defer thewashing process until all the chemical combinations are completed.

In making paint stock into a superior quality of mixed color and oil anysuitable acid uncombined or in the form of a salt may be employed whichwill unite with the metallic base of the paint stock and form a desiredcolor. The acid is the agent by which the desired result isaccomplished, and hence it may be introduced as such, or it may beintroduced in combination with other substances, as in the form of asalt-as, for instance, bichromate of potassium or sodium, or potassiumor sodium ferro-cyanide, above described-in which case potash or sodasalts will be formed,

and those being soluble can be washed out; but if an uncombincd acid beusedas, for instance, arsenious or chromic acid, above described-theaction is the same, but no secondary product is formed.

I have not endeavored to describe all the equivalent substan ceswhichmay be employed in the practice of my invention; but by pointing outwhat I understand to be the essential operation of the substancesdescribed I have clearly indicated to those skilled in the art the classof materials which are suitable for the purpose.

I have only specifically described the treatment of paint stock madefrom soap stock, and this is the manner in which I prefer to practice myinvention; but it will be understood in reference to my patents abovereferred to that paint stock formed of the union of a metallic base in asuitable form and the res-iduum or refuse of vegetable oils separatedtherefrom in the process of refining them may be made in other ways, andthese may be subjected to the above-described treatment with acid eitheruncombined or in the form of a salt to form an improved color and oil,as will be readily understood.

The general methods of refining different kinds of oils and thetreatment of the residuum or impurities of such oils is substantiallythe same, although, as I have before fully explained in my patents, caremust be taken in refining cotton-seed oil that no materials are employedwhich will injure the refined oil as an article of food. The same is notnecessarily true of other oils, such as linseed-oil.

The paints above described may be used in the condition in which theyare made as the result of these processes, or they may be used as oilsand colors with ocher or other suitable pigments.

Having thus described several different processses, all of which embodymy present invention and are sufficient illustrations thereof to enableother skilled persons-t0 understand its nature and to practice it, whatI claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method of making paint, which consists of treating wit-h an acida pigment formed by the combination of a metallic base with the residuumor soap stock of vegetable oil, which combines with the metallic base ofsaidpigment, forming a color of superior quaility.

2. The method of making paint, which consists of treating soap stockwith a metallic salt which combines with said soap stock and forms aninsoluble metallic paint, and of treating said paint with an acid whichcombines with the metallic base of said paint, forming a color ofsuperior quality.

3. The method of making paint,which consists of treating soap stock witha metallic salt which combines with said soap stock and forms aninsoluble metallic paint, and of treating said paint with an acid whichcombines with the metallic base of said paint, forming a color ofsuperior quality, and of treating said color with a metallic salt torender insoluble the soluble soap l'ormed thereby.

4. The method of making paint, which consists of treating soap stockwith a bleaching agent, such as sulphurous acid, then treating the samewith a metallic salt which combines with said soap stock and forms aninsoluble metallic paint, and treating said paint with an acid whichcombines with its metallic base, forming a. color, and removing thesolubles by washing.

5. The process of making paint, which 0011- sists in saponifying an acidof 'the fatty series byt-he solution of an alkali, treating theresulting soap with a solution of a salt of a heavy metal, and adding tothe insoluble soap thus formed an acid to combine with the base of thesoap and form a coloring-1natter,. substantially as described.

GEO. WV. SCOLLAY.

Witnesses:

J. EDGAR BULL, W. M. VALENTINE.

